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Clothing and textiles

1. C. Industrial and agricultural 2. A. West 3. B. 1:200,000 4. C. 221 km² 5. B. 117.0 km 6. A. Spot height 7. C. 1 centimetre on the map represents 2 kilometres on the ground 8. C. Road 9. B. North east 10. D. Vem 11. C. 2019 12. B. 720,000 13. B. Bar graph 14. A. Headward erosion 15. A. 60° E 16. D. Anticlines and synclines 17. C. Labour intensive 18. C. Afforestation 19. A. I and III only 20. C. Iron and steel industries 21. D. Rail 22. A. Is flexible 23. C. Migration 24. C. Rural settlement 25. A. Enhance the development of rural areas 26. A. Open cast mining 27. B. Flooding 28. B. Solar 29. D. Holiday resort 30. B. Depopulation of rural areas 31. C. Equal length of day and night 32. A. Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis from west to east while revolution is the movement of the earth around the sun in its elliptical orbit. 33. A. Hot desert climate 34. D. Layers of permeable rock lying between two layers of impermeable rock 35. C. 555 km 36. D. Wadi 37. D. Stack 38. C. Meanders 39. D. Daily range of temperature 40. C. 5.00 p.m 41. A. Isohalines 42. A. Soil erosion 43. A. Basic lava 44. A. Sedimentary rocks 45. B. Wave 46. D. Fold mountains 47. D. Grikes and clints 48. D. It flattens at the poles 49. A. Vulcanicity 50. A. I and IV only

(a) Over-population refers to a situation where the number of people in a given area exceeds the sustainable capacity of the environment to support them. It is a condition where the population size exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. On the other hand, population density refers to the number of people living in a specific area, usually measured as the number of people per unit of land area. It is a measure of how closely people are packed together in a given area. (b) Four factors that influence population distribution in the world are: 1. Economic opportunities: People are often attracted to areas with better economic opportunities, such as higher paying jobs, more business opportunities, and a lower cost of living. This can lead to population growth in these areas. 2. Climate and environmental conditions: Certain regions may be more attractive to people due to their climate, natural resources, and environmental conditions. For example, people may be more likely to settle in areas with a mild climate, abundant water, and fertile land. 3. Political stability and governance: People may be more likely to settle in areas with a stable political environment, good governance, and protection of individual rights. On the other hand, areas with political instability, corruption, and weak governance may deter people from settling there. 4. Infrastructure and services: The availability of infrastructure, such as transportation networks, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions, can influence population distribution. Areas with well-developed infrastructure and services may attract more people, while areas with limited infrastructure may deter population growth. (c) Four factors that promote population growth in the world are: 1. Improved healthcare: Advances in healthcare technology, sanitation, and disease prevention have led to increased life expectancy and reduced mortality rates. This has contributed to population growth by allowing more people to live longer and reproduce. 2. Increased access to education: Improved access to education, particularly for women and girls, has led to higher levels of fertility. Educated women are more likely to have smaller families, but the overall population growth rate has increased due to the larger number of educated women. 3. Economic development: Economic development and industrialization have created more job opportunities, particularly in developing countries. This has attracted more people to urban areas, leading to population growth in these areas. 4. Migration: Migration, both internal and international, has contributed to population growth in many countries. People moving to a new area can contribute to population growth by starting new families or by bringing their own children with them.

1. (a) Five factors that have influenced the location of iron and steel industries in the North Eastern United States of America are: - Proximity to raw materials: The iron and steel industries require access to iron ore and coal, which were abundant in the North Eastern region. - Availability of transportation: The region's extensive railroad network and ports facilitated the transportation of raw materials and finished goods. - Access to labor: The North Eastern region had a large, skilled workforce, which was essential for the labor-intensive iron and steel industry. - Government incentives: The federal and state governments provided incentives such as subsidies, tax breaks, and infrastructure improvements to attract the iron and steel industry to the region. - Existing infrastructure: The region had existing infrastructure, such as blast furnaces and steel mills, which could be adapted and expanded to meet the needs of the growing iron and steel industry. (b) Five contributions of the iron and steel industries to the economy of the North Eastern United States of America are: - Job creation: The iron and steel industries were major employers in the region, providing jobs for thousands of workers. - Industrialization: The iron and steel industries were a key driver of industrialization in the North Eastern region, leading to the development of other industries. - Infrastructure development: The iron and steel industries invested in the development of transportation infrastructure, such as railroads and canals, which facilitated the movement of goods and people. - Technological innovation: The iron and steel industries were at the forefront of technological innovation, leading to the development of new technologies and processes that benefited other industries. - Economic growth: The iron and steel industries were a major source of economic growth in the North Eastern region, generating significant revenue and profits. 2. (a) Migration refers to the permanent or temporary movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or across international borders. (b) Five causes of rural-urban migration in Tropical Africa are: - Economic opportunities: The promise of better job prospects, higher wages, and access to amenities and services in urban areas attracts people from rural areas. - Access to education and healthcare: Urban areas typically have better access to education and healthcare facilities, which are essential for personal and economic development. - Political instability: Political instability and conflict in rural areas can force people to flee their homes and seek safety and opportunities in urban areas. - Environmental factors: Environmental factors, such as drought, floods, and soil degradation, can make it difficult for people to sustain themselves in rural areas and force them to migrate to urban areas in search of a better life. - Social and cultural factors: Social and cultural factors, such as the desire for a more cosmopolitan lifestyle and access to a diverse range of cultural amenities, can also contribute to rural-urban migration. (c) Four problems created by rural-urban migration in Tropical Africa are: - Overcrowding and urban sprawl: The rapid growth of urban populations can lead to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and urban sprawl, which can strain the resources and services of cities. - Unemployment and underemployment: The influx of people from rural areas can lead to high levels of unemployment and underemployment in urban areas, particularly among young people and those with limited skills. - Increased demand for basic services: The growth of urban populations can put a strain on basic services, such as healthcare, education, and sanitation, which can be difficult to meet in many African cities. - Increased competition for resources: The competition for limited resources, such as water, food, and housing, can intensify in urban areas, leading to social tensions and conflicts. QUESTION 3 👇👇📍

Q2 (a) Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another, often in search of better living conditions, economic opportunities, or social services. (b) Five causes of rural-urban migration in Tropical Africa are: 1. Lack of job opportunities in rural areas. 2. Limited access to education and healthcare. 3. Poverty and low standards of living. 4. Conflict and political instability. 5. Environmental degradation. (c) Four problems created by rural-urban migration in Tropical Africa are: 1. Overcrowding and strain on urban infrastructure. 2. Increased poverty and inequality in urban areas. 3. Loss of skilled labor in rural areas. 4. Pressure on urban housing and sanitation.