CRIMINAL LAW (India)

𝗣𝗥𝗘-𝗥𝗘𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗕𝗔𝗜𝗟 𝗢𝗡 𝗠𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗚𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗦 Guidelines issued by Hon'ble Delhi High Court in respect of grant of bail on medical grounds : ■ Medical reports from Jail Hospital must clearly state history, examination findings and clinical diagnosis, interpretation of diagnosis in simpler terms for Judges to understand following: 》 What is the diagnosis? 》Whether it can be simply treated by giving medical treatment in Jail Hospital; 》If there is any urgency and if it is an emergency then nature of emergency must be clearly mentioned; ■ In case patient is referred to a referral hospital then medical report must state following: 》 The diagnosis, its simpler interpretation; 》Whether disease/ailment is treatable by conservative medical management or is surgical intervention required. If yes, will it be an emergency surgery: 》If any tumour or growth is found is it benign or malign and/or infective; 》 If any investigations are to be done, then nature of investigation, when it can be performed and can it be performed in Jail hospital; ■ Post treatment/surgery the medical report must clearly state result of surgery and post-operative care that is required Report must indicate as to how many days of hospitalization would be required before patient is sent to prison; ■ In a case where medical reports are ambiguous and create suspicion in the mind of a Judge then it ought to be sent for scrutiny by a Medical Board consisting of two- three specialists from a government hospital so that they can endorse or refute such document and if it is found that reports are only made to prolong period of bail then, such report should be viewed seriously by Court, which must consider initiating appropriate proceedings; ■ If it is found that an attempt is made to simply prolong/use lame excuse and take help if such ambiguous medical documents provided by doubtful/questionable private doctors, it would be viewed seriously by Court and action should be taken against those private doctors; ■ It must be noted that private doctors who submit such sketchy, wishy-washy medical reports are guilty of an offence under section 192, IPC. Medical Reports Private doctors who submit sketchy, wishy-washy medical reports are guilty of an offence under section 192, IPC. (Indian Penal Code, 1860, section 192). Medical Reports - Doctors are advised to be more cautious while giving medical certificates for the purposes of submitting them as evidence before a Court of Law.

Unified Pension Scheme

Hindenberg report: 2024

SC-ST SUB-CATEGORIZATION VERDICT.pdf

CrPC & BNSS (Comparative Analysis)

SEVEN DIRECTIVES OF HON'BLE SUPREME COURT TO AVOID DELAY IN RELEASE OF PRISONERS AFTER GETTING BAIL ■ The Court which grants bail to an undertrial prisoner/convict would be required to send a soft copy of the bail order by e-mail to the prisoner through the Jail Superintendent on the same day or the next day. The Jail Superintendent would be required to enter the date of grant of bail in the e-prisons software [or any other software which is being used by the Prison Department]. ■ If the accused is not released within a period of 7 days from the date of grant of bail, it would be the duty of the Superintendent of Jail to inform the Secretary, DLSA who may depute para legal volunteer or jail visiting advocate to interact with the prisoner and assist the prisoner in all ways possible for his release. ■ NIC would make attempts to create necessary fields in the e-prison software so that the date of grant of bail and date of release are entered by the Prison Department and in case the prisoner is not released within 7 days, then an automatic email can be sent to the Secretary, DLSA. ■ The Secretary, DLSA with a view to find out the economic condition of the accused, may take help of the Probation Officers or the Para Legal Volunteers to prepare a report on the socio-economic conditions of the inmate which may be placed before the concerned Court with a request to relax the condition (s) of bail/surety. ■ In cases where the undertrial or convict requests that he can furnish bail bond or sureties once released, then in an appropriate case, the Court may consider granting temporary bail for a specified period to the accused so that he can furnish bail bond or sureties. ■ If the bail bonds are not furnished within one month from the date of grant bail, the concerned Court may suo moto take up the case and consider whether the conditions of bail require modification/ relaxation. ■ One of the reasons which delays the release of the accused/ convict is the insistence upon local surety. It is suggested that in such cases, the courts may not impose the condition of local surety.

SOLUTIONS- CSE PRELIMS 2024.pdf

■ देश की सभी अदालतों में क़रीब 5 करोड़ केस पेंडिंग हैं। ■ न्यायपालिका पर प्रति व्यक्ति राष्ट्रीय खर्च 146 रुपए है। ■ हाई कोर्ट्स में जजों के क़रीब 30% पद ख़ाली हैं। ■ निचली अदालतों में जजों के क़रीब 22% पद ख़ाली हैं। ■ हाई कोर्ट्स में 10 में से 5 केस 5 साल से ज़्यादा समय से पेंडिंग हैं। ■ निचली अदालतों में 10 में से 3 केस 5 साल से ज़्यादा समय से पेंडिंग हैं। ■ देश में प्रति 10 लाख आबादी पर क़रीब 15 जज उपलब्ध हैं। (इंडिया जस्टिस रिपोर्ट-2022)