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Using This/That with 이다 Remember, 이다 translates to “to be” and is conjugated as “am/is/are” in English. Now that we know how to use 이, 그 and 저 (and 이것, 그것 and 저것), we can now make sentences like this: That person is a doctor We can start by putting those words into the Korean structure: That person는 doctor is And then changing the English words to the appropriate Korean words: 그 사람은 +  의사 + 이다 그 사람은 의사이다 그 사람은 의사야 / 그 사람은 의사예요 More examples: 그 사람은 선생님이다 = That person is a teacher (그 사람은 선생님이야 / 그 사람은 선생님이에요) 이것은 탁자이다 = This (thing) is a table (이것은 탁자야 / 이것은 탁자예요) 저것은 침대이다 = That (thing) is a bed (저것은 침대야 / 저것은 침대예요) 그 사람은 남자이다 = That person is a man (그 사람은 남자야 / 그 사람은 남자예요) 그 사람은 여자이다 = That person is a woman (그 사람은 여자야 / 그 사람은 여자예요) 그것은 차이다 = That (thing) is a car (그것은 차야 / 그것은 차예요) 이것은 나무이다 = This (thing) is a tree (이것은 나무야 / 이것은 나무예요)

I don’t like to use grammatical jargon in my lessons, but if you know what these words mean, it could be helpful. In both English and Korean, “that” can be a determiner (as in, “I like that man”), and it can also be a pronoun (as in “I like that”). When used as a determiner in Korean, you should place 그 before a noun. When used as a pronoun in Korean, the word 그것 is used. In this same respect, while “이, 그 and 저” translate to “this, that and that” respectively, and are placed before nouns to indicate “this noun, that noun and that noun,” “이것, 그것 and 저것” are nouns (they are pronouns). Therefore, they do not need to be followed by the redundant word “thing,” although their meanings would be exactly the same: I like this I like this thing I like that I like that thing We can now use these nouns as subjects or objects in a sentence. We will look at how they can be used with “이다” next.

Again, although the English translations of “그” and “저” are the same, it is important to remember that they are not the same word in Korean. One of the most common words in Korean is “것” meaning “thing.” When 이, 그 or 저 are placed before “것,” the result is a compound word. Therefore, when placing “것” after 이, 그 or 저, there should not be a space between the two. In other words, the following are words in and within themselves, and not two separate words: 이것 = this thing 그것 = that thing 저것 = that thing We see this same phenomenon happen with other common words that you learn in future lessons. You don’t need to worry about this now, but we see this same thing happen with the word 곳 (meaning “place”) and 때 (meaning “time”). With these words, the word “thing” isn’t necessary in the English translation. Let me explain. I’ll use “that” as an example, but the same idea can be applied to the word “this.” “That” can be placed before a noun to describe it. As we saw earlier: That person That man That woman However, it can also be a noun itself. For example: I like that In this type of English sentence, “that” is referring to some thing that you like. It is a noun. It is a thing. Therefore, the sentence could just as easily be said as: I like that thing

We can place “그” or “저” before a noun to describe “this” or “that” thing just like we did with “이.” 이 사람 = This person 그 사람 = That person 저 사람 = That person 이 남자 = This man 그 남자 = That man 저 남자 = That man 이 여자 = This woman 그 여자 = That woman 저 여자 = That woman 이 의자 = This chair 그 의자 = That chair 저 의자 = That chair 이 탁자 = This table 그 탁자 = That table 저 탁자 = That table

This and That (이/그/저) You can see in the vocabulary above that the word for “this” is 이 in Korean. We use 이 in Korean when we are talking about something that is within touching distance (For example: this pen – i.e. the one I am holding). Just like in English “이” (this) is placed before the noun it is describing. For example: 이 사람 = This person 이 남자 = This man 이 여자 = This woman 이 차 = This car 이 탁자 = This table 이 의자 = This chair Unfortunately, there are two words for “that”: 그 and 저. Early learners of Korean are always confused with the difference between “그” and “저.” We use 그 when we are talking about something from a previous sentence or from previous context, regardless of if you could see it or not. Providing examples would be too difficult right now because you do not know any Korean sentences. However, if I were to say: “I don’t like that man [when your friend mentioned him in a previous sentence].” The word “that” in that sentence would be how “그” is used. We use 저 when we are talking about something that we can see, but cannot touch because it is too far away.

Other examples of 이다 in use: 나는 여자이다 = I am a woman (👩 나는 여자야 / 저는 여자예요) 나는 선생님이다 = I am a teacher (🧑‍🏫 나는 선생님이야 / 저는 선생님이에요) 나는 사람이다 = I am a person (🧍 나는 사람이야 / 저는 사람이에요)

To be: 이다 Let’s start building sentences in Korean. In this lesson, we will start by making simple sentences using the word 이다. The translation for “이다” is “to be.”  English speakers often don’t realize how difficult the word “to be” is. Depending on who is being referred to, the word “to be” could be any of the underlined words below: I am a man He is a man They are men I was a man They were men In each of those sentences, a different word (is, am, are, was, were) is used depending on the subject and tense of the sentence. I can’t imagine how difficult this would be for an English learner. In Korean, the 이다 is used to represent all of those “to be” words. As mentioned earlier, 이다 can be conjugated. In that way, 이다 is similar to verbs and adjectives, but the rules for 이다 are often (but not always) different. I will teach you how 이다 differs from verbs and adjectives as it becomes important in later lessons. For example, in Lesson 52 you will learn that the process for quoting a sentence with 이다 is different than with verbs and adjectives. Like adjectives, 이다 can not act on an object. Only verbs can act on objects. For example: I eat hamburgers (eat is a verb, the object is a hamburger) She meets my friend (meet is a verb, the object is my friend) They study Korean (study is a verb, the object is Korean) We listen to music (listen is a verb, the object is music) All of those sentences (can) have objects because the verb is the predicate of the sentence. However, in sentences that are predicated by adjectives, there will not be an object I am pretty She is beautiful They are hungry We are smart Look at those four sentences. When we use adjectives in English, we must also use “to be” words like am, is and are. In other words, we cannot make sentences like this: I pretty She beautiful They hungry We smart Unlike in English, 이다 is not used in these types of sentences. That is, we do not use 이다 to indicate that something “is” an adjective. The structure of sentences predicated by adjectives is discussed in Lesson 3. So, 이다 is not used in these types of sentences: I am pretty She is beautiful They are hungry We are smart However, 이다 is used in these types of sentences: I am a man He is a man They are men I was a man They were men 이다 is used to indicate that a noun is a noun. The basic structure for a sentence predicated by “이다” is: [noun은/는] [another noun][이다] For example: I는 man이다 = I am a man Now substitute the words for “man” and “I,” which are: 나 = I 남자 = man

The Korean sentence would look like this: 나는 남자이다 = I am a man Notice that 이다 is attached directly to the second noun. Verbs and adjectives are not attached to nouns like this, but 이다 is. It would be incorrect to include a space between the second noun and 이다. For example, this would be incorrect: 나는 남자 이다 Although it might look and feel like “남자” is an object in that sentence, it is not. 이다, like adjectives and unlike verbs cannot act on an object. It would be incorrect to include the object particle on the second noun. For example, this would be incorrect: 나는 남자를 이다

I’m really sorry for not posting in this channel right now, I travel to the Middle East.

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