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♥Cardiovascular Disorders♥
PERICARDITIS
DEFINITION:-
An acute or chronic inflammation of pericardium (outer layer) of heart is called pericarditis.
CAUSES:-
◐Infections:
⌘Viral (Influenza virus)
⌘Bacterial (step.Meningococcus)
⌘Fungal
⌘Parasitic
⌘Tuberculosis.
◐Chest trauma
◐Heart surgery including pacemaker transplantation
◐Drug induced (phenytoin)
◐Radiation therapy.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:-
◐Sharp and stabbing pain in anterior chest.
◐Pain may be felt in neck, shoulder, back and abdomen.
◐Orthopnea
◐Dyspnoea
◐Sweating
◐Dry cough
◐Fever
◐Chills.
DIAGNOSTIC FINDING:-
◐Chest X-ray
◐ECG
◐CBC (Complete blood count)
◐Serum urea nitrogen
◐MRI.
COMPLICATIONS:-
◐Cardiac tamponade: A build up of blood or fluid in the pericardial sac puts pressure on heart, which may prevent it from pumping effectively.
Heart failure
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-
◐Antiviral if viral infections
◐Penicillin (antibiotics)
◐Antimicrobial, e.g., cefixime
◐Analgesics (NSAIDs)
◐Antifungal in case of fungal infection
NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
◐To relieve pain by administer analgesics.
◐To provide psychological support as well as health education to reduce anxiety of patient.
◐Encourage patient to bed rest when chest pain, fever and friction rub occur.
Nursing Diagnosis
-Acute pain related to pericardial inflammation.
-Decreased cardiac output related to impiared ventricular expansion.
❤️All the best
The nurse has given instructions to a client return ing home after knee arthroscopy. Which statement by the client indicates that the instructions are understood?Anonymous voting
- "I can resume regular exercise tomorrow."
- "I can't eat food for the remainder of the day."
- "I need to stay off the leg entirely for the rest of the day."
- "I need to report a fever or swelling to my health care provider."
A client with a hip fracture asks the nurse about Buck's (extension) traction that is being applied before sur gery and what is involved. The nurse should provide which information to the client?Anonymous voting
- Allows bony healing to begin before surgery and involves pins and screws
- Provides rigid immobilization of the fracture site and involves pulleys and wheels
- Lengthens the fractured leg to prevent severing blood vessels and involves pins and screws
- Provides comfort by reducing muscle spasms, provide immobilization, and involves pulleys and wheels
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When a person contracts monkeypox, it doesn't immediately show symptoms.
The incubation period for the virus is said to be between seven to 21 days.
The common symptoms are: - Fever
- Headache
- Muscle pain
- Back pain
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
👍 1
The nurse is caring for a client being treated for fat embolus after multiple fractures. Which data would the nurse evaluate as the most favorable indication of resolution of the fat embolus?Anonymous voting
- Clear mentation
- Minimal dyspnea
- Oxygen saturation of 85%
- Arterial oxygen level of 78 mm Hg
The nurse witnessed a vehicle hit a pedestrian. The victim is dazed and tries to get up. A leg appears fractured. Which intervention should the nurse take?Anonymous voting
- Try to reduce the fracture manually.
- Assist the victim to get up and walk to the sidewalk
- Leave the victim for a few moments to call an ambulance.
- Stay with the victim and encourage him or her to remain still.
The nurse is caring for a client receiving an alb uterol/ipratropium nebulized breathing treatment. Which report from the client should the nurse note as an expected side effect of this combination medication?Anonymous voting
- "I feel like my heart is racing."
- "I feel more bloated than usual."
- "My eyes have been watering lately."
- "I haven't had a bowel movement in 4 days."
The nurse is teaching a client who is beginning antiviral therapy for influenza. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?Anonymous voting
- "I must take the medication exactly as prescribed."
- "Once I start the medication, I will no longer be contagious."
- "I will not get any colds or infections while taking this medication."
- "This medication has minimal side effects and I can return to normal activities."
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