DBMCI Official

Answer3164. #EXPLANATION ● Nystagmus in central lesions are Non-fatiguable ● Fatiguable nystagmus is seen in peripheral lesions Other Options: ● All the other options given are correct about nystagmus in central lesions Reference: Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery By PL Dhingra, 7th Edition, Page No. 44 Ans. D. Is Fatiguable

Answer3163. #EXPLANATION ● Ciliary body develops from neuroectoderm. #HIGH YIELD DEVELOPMENT OF EYE Surface ectoderm ● The crystalline lens ● Epithelium Of The Cornea ● Epithelium of the conjunctiva ● Lacrimal gland ● Epithelium of eyelids and its derivatives viz., cilia, tarsal glands and conjunctiva] glands. ● Epithelium lining the lacrimal apparatus. Neural ectoderm ● Retina with its pigment epithelium ● Epithelial layers of ciliary body ● Epithelial layers of iris ● Sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles ● Optic nerve (neuroglia and nervous elements only) ● Melanocytes ● Secondary vitreous ● Ciliary zonules (tertiary vitreous) No part of the eye is endodermal in Origin OTHER OPTIONS: ● Option: A- Eyelids develop from surface ectoderm. ● Option: B- Cornea also develops from surface ectoderm. ● Option: D- Conjunctiva also develops from surface ectoderm. Reference: Comprehensive Ophthalmology by AK Khurana, 7th Edition, Page No. 13 Ans. C. Ciliary body

Answer3161. #EXPLANATION ● Vagal tone Serves as the key component of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, regulating the homeostasis (or "resting state") of the majority of the body's internal organ systems that operate on a largely subconscious level. ● Due to the regulatory nature of the PNS, vagal activity is continuous, chronic, and passive. ● Heart rate is normally controlled by multiple centers in the brainstem; one of these centers, the nucleus ambiguous, increases parasympathetic nervous system input to the heart via the vagus nerve. ● Vagal tone decreases heart rate by inhibiting the firing rate of the sinoatrial node. #HighYield ● Vagal tone is activity of the vagus nerve (the 10th cranial nerve) and a fundamental component of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. ● tone specifically refers to the continual nature of baseline parasympathetic action that the vagus nerve exerts Other options: ● Option: A. An ejection fraction is the volumetric fraction of fluid ejected from a chamber with each contraction. The EF of the left heart, known as the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), is calculated by dividing the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat (stroke volume) by the volume of blood present in the left ventricle at the end of diastolic filling (end-diastolic volume). ● Option: B. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle. It can be readily calculated by subtracting the end-systolic volume from the end-diastolic volume ● Option: D. it is the pressure in arteries when the heart is at diastole Reference: Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, Page No. 378 Ans. C. Heart rate

Answer3162. #EXPLANATION ● Primary hemostasis: the formation of the platelet plug. Disruption of the endothelium exposes subendothelial von Willebrand factor (vWF) and collagen, which promote platelet adherence and activation. ● Tissue factor binds and activate factor VII is a part of secondary hemostasis #HighYield ● Primary hemostasis: the formation of the platelet plug. Disruption of the endothelium exposes subendothelial von Willebrand factor (vWF) and collagen, which promote platelet adherence and activation. ● Activation of platelets results in a dramatic shape change (from small rounded discs to flat plates with spiky protrusions that markedly increased surface area), as well as the release of secretory granules. ● Within minutes the secreted products recruit additional platelets, which undergo aggregation to form a primary hemostatic plug. Reference: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition, Page No. 108 Ans. B. Tissue factor binds and activate factor VII

Answer3160. #EXPLANATION If a person drinks alcohol voluntarily, he is responsible for his act. #HIGHYIELD 86 IPC (BNS 24) ● Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated. ● In cases where an act done is not an offence unless done with a particular knowledge or intent, a person who does the act in a state of intoxication shall be liable to be dealt with as if he had the same knowledge as he would have had if he had not been intoxicated, unless the thing which intoxicated him was administered to him without his knowledge or against his will. Other options: ● Option: A. Alcoholic paranoia ○ In alcoholic paranoia, the person is not responsible for his act. ● Option: B. Delirium tremens ○ In delirium tremens, the person is not responsible for his act. ● Option: D. Datura intoxication ○ In datura intoxication, the person is not responsible for his act. #MANTRA ● McNaughten rules are framed for the criminal responsibility of the insane. And it states that an accused person is not legally responsible for crime if he /she is not of sound mind. It is accepted in India as a law of criminal responsibility in section 84 IPC, BNS 22. ● Drunkenness (intoxication) is never an excuse against criminal responsibility unless it becomes a disease (such as alcohol paranoia, delirium tremens). ● Also, an act done by a person of unsound mind, who is incapable of knowing the nature of the act due to intoxication is not an offence ( 84 IPC). Reference: Reddy, KS Narayan; Murty, OP. The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 35th Edition, Page No.379 Ans. C. Voluntary drunkenness