𝙇𝙄𝙏𝙈𝘼𝙉𝙄𝘼: 𝙀𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙝 𝙇𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚

The Hogarth Press • Founded in 1917 • By Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf at their home, Hogarth House, Richmond • It was partly as therapy for her mental disturbance from which she had suffered since her mother's death • Its first production was Two Stories, one by Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf • Their earliest publications included Katherine Mansfield's PRELUDE (1918), Virginia Woolf’s KEW GARDENS (1919, illustrated with woodcuts by Vanessa Bell, and T. S. Eliot's Poems (1919) • Their policy was to publish new and experimental work • They also published translations of Gorky, Chekhov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Bunin, Rilke, and Svevo • They were the first to introduce the work of Jeffers, J. C. Ransom, and E. A. Robinson in England • The press also published papers and pamphlets on psychoanalysis, politics, aesthetics, economics, and disarmament, and with its outstanding list of authors made a major contribution to the literary and intellectual life of the nation • The present Hogarth Press has been an allied company of Chatto and Windus since 1947

A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN (1929) • A classic of the feminist movement • A feminist essay • Based on two lectures on “Women and Fiction” delivered in Oct. 1928 to Newnham College and Girton College, Cambridge • The author describes the educational, social, and financial disadvantages and prejudices against which women have struggled throughout history arguing that women will not be able to write well and freely until they have the privacy and independence implied by 'a room of one's own' and “five hundred a year” o Using the fate of a hypothetical talented sister of Shakespeare as an illustration o Her literary aspirations end in suicide • She pays tribute to women writers of the past, including Behn, Dorothy Osborne and Jane Austen, the Brontës, to women's achievements in the form of the novel • Last chapter - she discusses the concept of 'androgyny', • Pleading for unity and harmony rather than a rigid separation into ‘male’ and ‘female’ qualities • “Perhaps a mind that is purely masculine cannot create, any more than a mind that is purely feminine.” THREE GUINEAS (1938) • A sequel to A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN • Articulates Woolf's view that tyranny at home, within patriarchy, is connected to tyranny abroad.

THREE GUINEAS (1938)
• A sequel to A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN 
• Articulates Woolf's view that tyranny at home, within patriarchy, is connected to tyranny abroad.

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (1882-1941) ULYSSES • His famous novel • First published in Paris on 2 Feb. 1922 • The first UK edition appeared in 1936 • Serialized in the Little Review from 1918 o An American monthly magazine o Founded in Chicago in 1914 by Margaret Anderson o In 1916 it came under the influence of Pound, who was foreign editor from 1917 to 1919 • The editors of the Little Review were prosecuted and found guilty of publishing obscenity • It was published in Paris by Sylvia Beach in 1922 • The novel deals with the events of one day in Dublin • 16 June 1904 - the anniversary of Joyce's first walk with Nora Barnacle, who became his wife • “Bloomsday” • The principal characters are Stephen Dedalus (the hero of Joyce's A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN); Leopold Bloom, a Jewish advertisement canvasser; and his wife Molly • The plot follows the wanderings of Stephen and Bloom through Dublin, and their eventual meeting • A study of the life and mind of Leopold and Mrs Bloom • Set in the squalor of Dublin’s slum • The last chapter is a monologue by Molly Bloom • The various chapters roughly correspond to the episodes of Homer's ODYSSEY • Stephen representing Telemachus • Bloom Odysseus, and Molly Penelope • The style is highly allusive • Employs a variety of techniques –the stream of consciousness, interior monologue and of parody, and ranges from extreme realism to fantasy • Joyce described the theme of the Odyssey as “the most beautiful, all-embracing theme . . . greater, more human, than that of Hamlet, Don Quixote, Dante, Faust', and refers to Ulysses himself as pacifist, father, wanderer, musician, and artist: I am almost afraid to treat such a theme; it's overwhelming.” • Bloom: “the most complete character in fiction”

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (1882-1941) Serious Novelist Born at Rathgar, Dublin CHAMBER MUSIC (1907) • His first published work • A volume of verse DUBLINERS (1914) • A volume of short stories • Focusing on life in Dublin • The stories follow a pattern of childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life, culminating with the longest, “The Dead” • Frequently described as “the finest short story in English” • “a style of scrupulous meanness” • The narrative technique is straightforward