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اللهم اني اسألك فهم النبيين وحفظ المرسلين والملائكة المقربين اللهم اجعل ألسنتنا عامرة بذكرك، وقلوبنا بخشيتك، وسري بطاعتك إنك على كل شيء قدير وحسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل”.

سادس 💞

1. Midazolam belongs to which chemical class? a) Barbiturates b) Benzodiazepines c) Opioids d) Antidepressants Answer: b) Benzodiazepines 2. What is the main function of Midazolam? a) Stimulant b) Sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety c) Antidepressant d) Antipsychotic Answer: b) Sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety 3. How long does it take for Midazolam to induce sedation after administration? a) Less than 5 minutes b) 30 minutes c) 10 minutes d) 20 minutes Answer: a) Less than 5 minutes 4. What is the oral bioavailability of Midazolam? a) 10-20% b) 30-40% c) 40-50% d) 50-60% Answer: c) 40-50% 5. Midazolam is highly lipid soluble, which allows it to: a) Stay in the bloodstream longer b) Easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier c) Be excreted quickly through the kidneys d) Have a longer duration of action Answer: b) Easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier 6. What is the peak effect time for Midazolam after administration? a) 5-10 minutes b) 15-30 minutes c) 2-5 minutes d) 30-60 minutes Answer: c) 2-5 minutes 7. Which of the following is true about Midazolam’s major metabolite, hydroxymidazolam? a) It is immediately active b) It is biologically active only after prolonged infusion or renal impairment c) It is inactive and excreted quickly d) It has a half-life of 6 hours Answer: b) It is biologically active only after prolonged infusion or renal impairment 8. Compared to diazepam, Midazolam is: a) Less potent b) More potent (1.5-5 times) c) Equally potent d) Has a longer half-life Answer: b) More potent (1.5-5 times)

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1. Which of the following is the definition of anesthesia? a) Loss of reflexes b) Loss of sensation c) Loss of memory d) Loss of consciousness Answer: b) Loss of sensation 2. A good anesthetic agent should cause all of the following EXCEPT: a) Loss of sensation b) Skeletal muscle relaxation c) Anterior grade amnesia d) Loss of blood pressure Answer: d) Loss of blood pressure 3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal anesthetic drug? a) Rapid onset b) Smooth loss of consciousness c) Delayed discontinuation d) Wide margin of safety Answer: c) Delayed discontinuation 4. In which stage of anesthesia does surgical anesthesia occur? a) Stage I b) Stage II c) Stage III d) Stage IV Answer: c) Stage III 5. Which stage of anesthesia is associated with nausea, vomiting, hyperactivity, and irregular respiration? a) Stage I (Analgesia) b) Stage II (Excitement) c) Stage III (Surgical Anesthesia) d) Stage IV (Medullary Depression) Answer: b) Stage II 6. What is the primary effect of Stage IV (Medullary Depression) in anesthesia? a) Analgesia without amnesia b) Depression of vasomotor and respiratory centers c) Normal respiration and blood pressure d) Hyperactivity and irregular respiration Answer: b) Depression of vasomotor and respiratory centers 7. Which of the following describes Stage I of anesthesia? a) Analgesia with amnesia b) Analgesia without amnesia c) Loss of reflexes d) Skeletal muscle relaxation Answer: b) Analgesia without amnesia

1. According to the unitary theory of anesthesia, anesthesia is produced by: a) Disruption of action potentials b) Hyperpolarization of neurons c) Inhibition of neurotransmitter release d) Interruption of the physical properties of cell membranes Answer: d) Interruption of the physical properties of cell membranes 2. The Meyer-Overton rule suggests that anesthetic potency is directly related to: a) Water solubility of the compound b) Lipid solubility of the compound c) The concentration of the drug in the blood d) The size of the drug molecule Answer: b) Lipid solubility of the compound 3. Which of the following best describes the cellular mechanism of anesthesia? a) Hyperpolarization of neurons and inhibition of synaptic transmission b) Depolarization of neurons and stimulation of synaptic transmission c) Activation of excitatory channels and action potential generation d) Inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake Answer: a) Hyperpolarization of neurons and inhibition of synaptic transmission 4. Which of the following ion channels are opened by general anesthesia agents like inhalation and IV anesthetics? a) NMDA receptors b) GABA receptors c) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors d) Dopamine receptors Answer: b) GABA receptors 5. Which type of receptor is primarily closed by anesthetics like ketamine and nitrous oxide? a) Glycine receptors b) GABA receptors c) NMDA receptors d) AMPA receptors Answer: c) NMDA receptors 6. Inhalation anesthetics primarily cause which of the following effects on neurons? a) Depolarization of neurons b) Hyperpolarization of neurons c) Increased action potential generation d) Stimulation of neurotransmitter release Answer: b) Hyperpolarization of neurons 7. Which of the following describes a molecular action of general anesthesia? a) Opening of excitatory channels b) Inhibition of GABA receptors c) Inhibition of synaptic transmission d) Closing of inhibitory channels Answer: c) Inhibition of synaptic transmission

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